Introduction
This document summarizes the following points along with physical evidence:
1
The existence of commonalities in religious symbols and myths across ancient cultures worldwide.
2
The origins of all ethnicities' religions and beliefs can be traced back to at least 70,000 years ago with the Out-of-Africa migration. From there, they spread to various regions, evolving their own distinct names, symbols, and narratives.
3
One of these symbols, the golden spiral, can be observed in cosmic spiral galaxies and nature, serving as a shared design element shaping the universe.
4
The common symbols represent the consciousness that is identical to emptiness. This consciousness has existed prior to the Big Bang, the birth of the universe, and encompasses human consciousness as well. It is the fundamental essence of all life. Physical bodies are merely temporary forms, and all consciousness is interconnected. In various religions, this consciousness is referred to as the Creator or God.
In this chapter, we will explore the existence of commonality in myths and symbols across religions worldwide.
①Two Snakes
The symbol of two snakes can be found in legends and artifacts from various cultures around the world, making it a universal symbol. In relation to this, the rainbow serpent also becomes a symbol.
In the mythology of the Yolngu people, an Aboriginal group in Australia, there is a ceremonial dance that represents their ancestral stories. During this ritual, male dancers carry two special poles that symbolize the rainbow serpent. Thus, in this context, the rainbow serpent is equivalent to the two poles, which can be interpreted as representing two snakes.
Among the Aboriginal people, there are other stories of the rainbow serpent, such as Yurlungur, Eingana, Ungud, and Wanambi. Similarly, in Fiji, which is also part of Oceania, there are stories of the rainbow serpent known as Dengei.
In West Africa, there is a story of the rainbow snake called Mawu. Additionally, within West African Vodou, a form of black magic, the rainbow serpent is present. The snake deity is known as Damballah Wedo, who is depicted as the husband, and his wife is the goddess of the rainbow serpent, Ayida Wedo. These two snakes are depicted as symbols in Vodou.
Vodou also features intertwined snakes. In Greek mythology, Hermes, the messenger god, carries a staff called the Caduceus, which depicts two snakes entwined around it. Hermes is associated with this symbol.
Hermes.
In Greek mythology, sculptures of two snakes can also be seen at the feet of Aeon, another god. Aeon also appears in Judaism and Gnosticism
In the Shahnameh, the greatest epic poem compiled in 1010, there is a mention of Zahhak, the king with two snakes growing from his shoulders.
In India, the snake deity Nagalaja (Naga and Nagi) also depicts intertwined snakes, similar to the design of Fuxi and Nuwa, ancient Chinese gods, where two snakes are involved.
The symbol of the Paiwan indigenous people in southern Taiwan is the Hundred Pace Snake. In the bas-relief of the ceremonial pottery shown in the left image below, two depictions of the Hundred Pace Snake can be seen. On the wooden carving board on the left side of the right image, there are two Hundred Pace Snakes on the head, while on the right side, faces are carved on top of the snake bodies of two Hundred Pace Snakes.
In Japan as well, the presence of two snakes can be observed. In the underwater pyramid complex in Chatan, Okinawa, there are two stone statues of snakes, each measuring 20 meters in length.
Furthermore, the shimenawa, a sacred rope found in Japanese shrines, also depicts two intertwined snakes, symbolizing the mating of snakes. The shimenawa represents thunderclouds, with straw hanging down representing rain, and white zigzag paper streamers representing lightning. The rainbow snake is also believed to possess the power to bring rain.
On Mount Nikko in Tochigi Prefecture, there is a bridge called Shinkyō. According to legend, the deity Jinjaō released two snakes, one red and one blue, which intertwined on both sides of the Ōtani River, forming a beautiful bridge resembling a rainbow. This bridge is known as Shinkyō, also referred to as the Snake Bridge of Yamasuge. Here, two snakes are found in the folklore, and the rainbow also appears as a symbol.
In the ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Mexico, on the lower portion of the staircase of the Temple of Kukulkan, two snakes can also be seen on both sides. During the spring and autumn equinoxes, when the duration of day and night is equal, the sun sets to the west due to the pyramid's shadow, creating a bright portion on the side walls of the staircase. This forms the snake's body, merging with the head of Kukulkan at the lower part of the staircase, revealing the image of a giant snake. Kukulkan is a creator deity in Mayan mythology, believed to be involved in the creation of humanity in three separate instances.
Furthermore, Kukulkan is identified as the same deity as the Aztec civilization's serpent god Quetzalcoatl. Quetzal represents the bird, while Coatl represents the snake, hence referred to as the flying serpent.
The flag of the Inca Empire in South America also features two snakes and the symbol of a rainbow.
Among the Native American Hopi tribe in North America, two snakes are also present. Sakamohonau, the chief deity of the Bear Clan within the Hopi tribe, was handed three stone tablets in ancient times. On the surface of the second tablet, a corn plant is depicted in the center, surrounded by two snakes and several other animals. These two snakes symbolize the Colorado River and the Rio Grande River, which are the boundaries of the land.
In this way, the presence of two snakes can be observed in Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, revealing their status as a universal symbol worldwide.
②Other Common Symbols
In addition to the two snakes, there are many other symbols that exist, and understanding these symbols reveals a connection among various ancient artifacts found in different countries. For example, in the Jiroft culture of Iran around 3000 BCE, a stone handbag with a design depicting intertwined 2 snakes has been discovered.
In the carvings of this handbag, there are also the following elements: human figures, animals resembling scorpions and leopards, and figures with snake-like lower bodies and horns.
There are two-headed bulls with horns, two snakes entwined with an eagle.
Two eagles, two snakes entwined with an eagle, two lions and a bull.
Based on these carvings alone, it is difficult to determine if they represent common symbols. However, when we look at the stone pillars of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, the common symbols become gradually apparent.
Next, let's examine the symbols on the stone pillars of Gobekli Tepe, dating back to around 10,000 BCE. Despite a temporal difference of about 7,000 years from the Jiroft culture, we can observe shared symbols, such as the two snakes in the top right, handbags, eagles, and scorpions. Other carvings include a single snake, an H-shaped pattern below the handbag on the right, dogs, cranes, small lizards, and zigzag patterns at the top. The T-shaped structure of the stone pillars is also considered one of the symbols.
The depiction of two snakes can also be seen in the ancient Egyptian winged disc. Two snakes are positioned on either side of the central sun, and wings are also carved.
Decorative items depicting an eagle with wings that have the same design as the wings on the winged disc have also been found in Egypt. This eagle design bears resemblance to the handbag of the Jiroft culture.
Design of an eagle in the Jiroft culture.
In the image on the left, an Egyptian ornament, we can see a winged symbol with a scarab beetle placed in the center. Above that, there is the Eye of Horus, and on top of it, a slender crescent moon design facing upward. Although it may not be easily visible in this image, there are two snake emblems called Uraeus on the left and right sides of the Eye of Horus and the scarab beetle. The image on the right shows the snake emblem Uraeus. In other words, there are two pairs of snakes, making a total of four snakes in this design. Therefore, all the designs seen here are common symbols.
In Mesopotamia, we can observe the coexistence of the Gobekli Tepe and Jiroft culture handbags and eagles, as well as the Egyptian winged disc and eagle. There are two eagle-human figures holding the handbag on the left and right sides, and in the upper center, a winged disc with a person on it can be seen.
In addition to the eagle-human figures holding the handbag, there are depictions of a regular human face and a figure called Apkallu dressed as a fish, both accompanied by the winged disc.
In Mesopotamian reliefs, a symbol with 16 petals attached to the arm holding the handbag can be observed. The same symbol is found in Japan's imperial chrysanthemum crest, which also has 16 petals.
The Mesopotamian eagle-human figure holds a handbag in one hand and a pine cone in the other.
The central tree depicted alongside them is the "Tree of Life." Tree worship can be found worldwide, with trees such as the jujube, fig, olive, oak, cedar, cypress, and banyan tree revered as cosmic or world trees.
The pine cone symbol commonly seen in Mesopotamia can also be found on the thumb of the hand of Sabazios, a symbol from ancient Greek and Roman times. There are several variations of this hand, each containing a cluster of symbols.
The Caduceus, a staff with two entwined snakes, can also be seen in the hand of Sabazios, further indicating the aggregation of common symbols.
Additionally, a crescent moon can be observed above the head of the Sabazios.
The lizard depicted on the hand of Sabazios is also found on the stone pillars of Gobekli Tepe.
In addition to these, numerous other symbols can be found in artifacts from various countries, such as a single snake, the feet of an eagle, a frog, a turtle, a goat, a balance scale, and a reclining woman breastfeeding.
Sabazios is also found as a human figure, and here, we can see both the pine cone and the eagle, which are also symbols. Sabazios himself is a symbol as well.
Furthermore, on the left hand of this Sabazios statue, we can observe a single snake coiled around a wooden rod. The rod with a single snake represents the staff of Asclepius, while the rod with two snakes represents the Caduceus. Both of these are common symbols.
Aeon is another representation where we can see both the single snake and the double snakes. There are carvings of two snakes at the feet and a single snake coiled from the lower body to the crown.
In the Kudurru of Nebuchadnezzar I of Mesopotamia, dating back to around 1120 BCE (British Museum), we can observe an aggregation of common symbols. Here, we see a single snake, a crescent moon, two lion faces, a bird, a turtle, and a scorpion, overlapping with the symbols we have seen so far.
The figure holding a bow and arrow in the second row from the bottom in the image above is also seen as a person riding a winged disc in another context. The figure holding a bow in the image on the left represents the god Ashur, the guardian of the Mesopotamian city of Assur. The winged disc in the image on the right is from the city of Persepolis in the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, representing the guardian spirit of Zoroastrianism, known as the Fravashi. It is believed to reside in the entirety of the natural world and is responsible for all natural phenomena. The concept of residing in the natural world aligns with the Japanese Shinto belief of the eight million deities.
The diamond-shaped decoration seen at the bottom of the winged disc in Persepolis is also found on the stone pillars of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey. This means that the diamond-shaped decoration and the weight below it are common symbols.
Additionally, the design of the straw hanging from the shimenawa, a Japanese rope used to signify rain, is the same as the design of this weight. Thus, they represent a common symbol.
In the next Mesopotamian cylinder seal, we can see the winged disc and the crescent moon, indicating that these are depicted as common symbols.
On the winged disc of the above cylinder seal, there are seven stars to the left and an eight-pointed star on the right edge. This symbol is also grouped together in the bronze apotropaic plaque from Mesopotamia (Iraq, around 800 BCE, housed in the Louvre Museum). The demon Pazuzu depicted in this plaque has a lion's face, similar to Aeon, and the handbag of the Jiroft culture also depicts two lions. Below Pazuzu's face, there is an eight-pointed star, and on the right edge of the same row, there are seven stars. The top row of the plaque displays symbols of deities. This depiction also includes the winged disc, crescent moon, the figure dressed as a fish known as Apkallu, and a bow and arrow, which we have seen previously.
In another Mesopotamian relief, within the crescent moon, there are twelve-pointed stars, and at the bottom, the symbol of a ladder is seen.
In another Mesopotamian relief, in the upper left corner, there are five symbols: the triple crown, winged disc, crescent moon, two horns, and an eight-pointed star. Additionally, there is a cross on the chest, and the figure holds a staff with a round sphere attached in the left hand.
There are also reliefs depicting individuals holding a round sphere-topped staff and a pomegranate. There are also reliefs where individuals inside a winged disc are depicted holding a pomegranate.
This pomegranate is also seen at the entrance of the Temple of Solomon, which is believed to have been in Jerusalem, and it is referred to as Boaz and Jachin.
③Goddess Statues
There are common features among ancient goddess statues found worldwide. For example, they often expose their breasts or place their hands below their breasts, have navels, wear triangular undergarments, have thick lower bodies, and exhibit swirling patterns. The following images, from left to right, depict the statue of the Babylonian goddess Ishtar (around 2000 BCE) and an Egyptian goddess statue (around 3800 BCE).
From left to right, we have the snake-faced female statue from Iraq, the Jomon Venus from Nagano Prefecture, and the goddess statue from Malta.
Next, we have goddess statues from various countries dating from around 38,000 BCE to 600 BCE, exhibiting similar poses of touching their breasts and similar body types. From left to right, we have the goddess statue from Germany (around 38,000 BCE), the goddess statue from Russia (around 26,000 BCE), and the goddess statue from Austria (around 25,000 BCE).
From left to right, we have the goddess statue from France (around 23,000 BCE), the goddess statue from Czechia (around 24,800 BCE), and the goddess statue from Siberia (around 18,000 BCE).
From left to right, we have the goddess statue from Gobekli Tepe in Turkey (around 9,500 BCE), the goddess statue from Greece (around 5,500 BCE), and the goddess statue from Egypt (around 4,400 BCE).
The two on the left are goddess statues from China (around 4,000 BCE and 3,500 BCE), the goddess statue from Sardinia, Italy (around 3,500 BCE), and the goddess statue from Mehrgarh in Pakistan (around 3,000 BCE).
From left to right, we have the goddess statue from the Indus Valley Civilization's Mohenjo-daro (around 2,500 BCE) and the goddess statue from South America's Ecuador (around 300 BCE).
These goddess statues exhibit symbols found in the "Hand of Sabazios." Below the hand, we can see depictions of a woman reclining with a child and a woman breastfeeding.
One well-known example of a reclining woman is the goddess statue from the island of Malta in the Mediterranean. It shares commonalities with goddess statues from various countries in terms of body shape, hand position, and navel carvings. Additionally, there is a faint depiction of triangular undergarments around the lower abdomen of the standing statues.
From left to right, we have the following goddess statues depicting breastfeeding: from Cyprus in the Mediterranean (around 1300 BCE), the snake-faced goddess from Mesopotamia (around 5500 BCE), the goddess statue from Malaga, Spain, and the one from Syria (around 4500 BCE).
From left to right, we have the following goddess statues depicting breastfeeding: Mehrgarh from the Indus Valley Civilization (around 2700 BCE), Isis (female) and Horus (child) from Egypt, Vinča civilization (from around 5700 BCE), and Krishna and Yashoda from India (12th century CE).
From left to right, we have the Jōmon clay figurine of a child held by a woman from Tokyo (around 3000 BCE) and the Haniwa figurine of a woman nursing an infant from the Koganezuka Kofun in Ibaraki Prefecture (around 600 CE).
On the left side of the next image, a Jōmon pottery features two carved faces, with crescent moons depicted on the sides and faint swirling patterns within. The same faces can be seen on the Jōmon Venus from Nagano Prefecture on the right, with swirling patterns carved above the ears as well. This statue also has a thick lower body, exposed breasts, and a carved navel.
The eye-shaped female statue from Syria, dating back to around 3400 BCE, also exhibits exposed breasts, triangular undergarments, and zigzag patterns on the body. Zigzag patterns are also seen on the stone pillars of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey.
Multiple eye-shaped female figurines have been excavated from Syria, featuring zigzag patterns on their bodies.
In the ancient Jiroft culture of Iran, dated around 3000 BCE, stone handbags were unearthed. The image on the bottom left depicts a figure with horns grasping two snakes with both hands. Similar statues in the same pose were discovered in Crete, Greece, dating back to around 2000 BCE, as seen in the image on the right. This statue depicts a goddess with exposed breasts holding two snakes with both hands.
The same pose can be observed in Egypt, Europe, the Middle East, India, and North and South America, becoming a common symbol. In the left image, Horus of Egypt is depicted holding two snakes and a scorpion in his hands, while in the right image, also from Egypt, a hand emerging from the Ankh cross is holding the Wadjet staff. Horus is male due to the presence of a phallus.
From left to right: Afghanistan, Iran, Scotland.
The next image on the left represents the Inca deity Viracocha, holding a long object, while the right image portrays the Navajo deity Ye'i of Native North America, depicted alongside corn.
In the seals of the Indus Valley Civilization in India, a person is depicted holding lions in both hands.
In another artifact from the Indus Valley Civilization in India, a goddess in the same pose is accompanied by carvings of a hexagram and an elephant above and below.
④Golden Ratio Spiral Pattern
The Eye of Horus, the eagle, and the emblem of the Uraeus snake are known as common symbols in ancient Egypt. However, in addition to these symbols, the golden ratio spiral pattern can also be observed in Egyptian decorations.
The golden ratio curve can also be found in nature.
This golden ratio curve and spiral pattern have been found in artifacts from various countries since around 10,000 BC. In the Fajr Nouq Pan in Africa, there is a ground drawing of a spiral pattern with a diameter of up to 175 meters.
The statues of Göbekli Tepe.
The Palpa Lines at the Nazca site in Peru.
The Mayan civilization.
The shakōki-dogū (clay figurines with large eyes) from Japan.
The golden ratio spiral pattern of the Jomon Venus unearthed in Nagano Prefecture.
A bronze wine vessel shaped like an owl from the late Shang Dynasty (around 1300 BCE to 1050 BCE).
⑤Polygonal Masonry
In the Temple of Quetzalcoatl in Teotihuacan, Mexico, as shown in the image below, polygonal masonry can be observed in the area circled in red. Nearby, the golden ratio spiral pattern can also be seen. This suggests that polygonal masonry is also a symbol.
Polygonal masonry can also be found worldwide, such as in Machu Picchu in Peru.
The Jupiter Temple in Lebanon, Middle East.
The Colosseum in Rome, Italy.
The Moai statues on Easter Island.
The Iwaya Kofun in Nara Prefecture, Japan.
Osaka Castle.
The pyramid of King Menkaure in Egypt.
⑥Pyramids
The three pyramids in Giza, Egypt, are aligned based on the arrangement of the three stars in the center of the Orion constellation. Similarly, in Teotihuacan, Mexico, three pyramids can also be found, although the position of the central pyramid is slightly shifted. Both the Egyptian pyramids and Teotihuacan feature polygonal masonry.
From left to right: the three stars of Orion's Belt, the Pyramids of Giza, and the city of Teotihuacan in Mexico.
Orion.
France(Left) and Greece(Right) also have pyramids.
Google Maps:
1. Falicon Pyramid in France (43°44'59.65"N 7°15'37.33"E)
2. Pyramid in Greece (37°35'14.15"N 22°40'16.97"E)
The two serpents of the Temple of Kukulkan and the body emerging beside the staircase.
できた蛇の
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Xi'an, China, is also a pyramid.
In Xianyang, there are at least 29 pyramids.
Google Maps: (34°22'28.75"N 108°41'12.21"E)
The Tumulus of Ishibutai in Asuka Village, Nara Prefecture, is a stepped pyramid.
⑦Golden Ratio in Plan Views and Satellite Images
Ancient ruins sometimes incorporate the golden ratio in their site designs. Similar locations may also exhibit polygonal masonry and golden ratio spiral patterns. Often, when aligning two golden ratios externally, a central overlapping section is created. The dimensions of staircases leading to temples, for example, are determined based on this overlapping section. Additionally, the widths of passageways, spacing between columns, and sizes of rooms are sometimes determined by the smaller golden ratio that emerges within the larger one. These practices have been observed from around 15,000 BC to 1700 AD.
The three major pyramids in ancient Egypt around 15,000 BC.
Elidu of the Mesopotamian civilization around 5000 BCE.
The ziggurat of Ur in the Mesopotamian civilization.
The warrior's temple of Chichen Itza in the Mayan civilization.
The Baths of Titus in the Roman Empire.
Toushoudai-ji Temple in Japan.
Angkor Wat in Cambodia.
The Forbidden City (Zijin Cheng) in China.
Jame Mosque in Iran.
⑧Dolmen
A dolmen, also known as a portal tomb, is a structure where a capstone is placed on top of upright stones. Some dolmens have massive stones balanced in exquisite arrangements, and they can be found in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.
Dolmens in Algeria, Africa.
From left to right: United Kingdom, Ireland, France.
From left to right: San Agustin in Colombia, New York in the United States, Girraween National Park in Australia.
The Kingdom of Tonga in Polynesia.
Sochi National Park in Russia, Hemudu Culture in China from around 5000 to 4500 BCE.
Korean Peninsula, South Korea.
Ishibutai Kofun in Nara, (Upper)Kasagi-yama in Kyoto, and (Lower)Nozaki Island in Nagasaki.
Stonehenge in England also features a similar stacking method as dolmens. Some parts of Stonehenge have stones that are shaped to fit together, creating a harmonious balance.
⑨Cosmic Egg
In Australia's Devil's Marbles, there are several round boulders known as Karlu Karlu by the Aboriginal people. They believe these boulders represent the rainbow serpent's eggs, symbolizing emptiness.
The Algarve Egg in Portugal, also a cosmic egg, features a symbol of two intertwined snakes known as the Caduceus.
Nara, Japan and India.
Kyaiktiyo Pagoda in Myanmar.
⑩Wrestling and Sumo
Sumo and wrestling are practiced by over 100 different ethnicities and in various locations worldwide. They can be found in South America, Oceania, Asia, Europe, and Africa, spanning across different continents excluding North America.
From left to right: Sumo in Japan, Ssireum in the Korean Peninsula, Bökh in Mongolia.
From left to right: Shuaijiao in China, Oil wrestling in Turkey, Kushti in India.
Senegalese wrestling in Senegal, West Africa
Wrestling among the Karapalo tribe in the Amazon, South America
Wrestling among the Yanomami tribe in the Amazon, South America
A bronze statue discovered at the Tel Agreba site in Mesopotamia depicts two wrestlers in action. It consists of two bronze vessels used for wrestling. The Old Testament of the Bible also includes a story of Jacob wrestling with an angel.
Wrestling is also mentioned in Greek mythology. The god Hermes, associated with commerce and wrestling ("sumo"), was even considered the patron deity of thieves. Hermes carried a Caduceus staff with two intertwining snakes, which became a symbol. Additionally, Antaeus, the son of the earth goddess Gaia, was a giant and a wrestler. He challenged travelers to wrestling matches in his land, with the condition that the loser would be killed.
The Kojiki, an ancient Japanese text, contains a description of Nomi no Sukune wrestling against Taima no Kehaya, according to Emperor Suinin's order.
In addition to these ten physical evidence, various religious beliefs and mythologies share the following common points:
- Creation myths of the universe
- Stories of gods being placed in a river during infancy
- Flood myths
- Stories of humans created from clay
- Animism, the belief that spirits or gods dwell in all things
- Tree worship
- Lion statues
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