○Limited Use of Concrete [1]

     In monetary societies worldwide, roads are commonly paved with either asphalt or concrete. Some areas strive for aesthetic enhancement using cobblestone roads, where concrete might also be utilized. Additionally, concrete is used in the walls of tunnels and underground subways.

    Asphalt, derived from crude oil, emits carbon dioxide during its manufacturing process. Concerning concrete, the cement material that solidifies substances like soil contains limestone. When burned at temperatures exceeding 900°C, it transforms into quicklime, releasing carbon dioxide. Fossil fuels like petroleum or coal are used for this burning process, resulting in a dual emission of carbon dioxide. Some statistics suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from cement production constitute 8% globally and 4% in Japan.

    Reasons for concrete usage include the need for strength on roads to withstand heavy vehicles and to reduce energy consumption on the vehicle side by enabling smoother travel. Similarly, for large structures like buildings or apartments, strength is necessary, and concrete has become affordable and accessible.

    Concrete is extensively used in various everyday settings, leading to a depletion of suitable sand and gravel globally. Nations are engaged in battles over sand, leading to restrictions on sand mining. While limestone, a key component of cement, is considered abundant, it's also a finite resource and could deplete with excessive use.

    The root cause of this overuse lies in the pursuit of profit, a motive shared by countries, corporations, and individuals alike. Concrete has become indispensable, but its usage needs moderation to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and address climate change. Therefore, it's crucial to limit where concrete is used in daily life and reduce overall consumption.

    For instance, in Prout Village, buildings like skyscrapers or apartments made entirely of concrete are not constructed, significantly reducing concrete usage. Foundations for homes prioritize stone building, minimizing concrete usage. Pillars are made from bamboo, wood, while walls are crafted from straw or mycelium bricks, eliminating the need for concrete.