Furthermore, water electrolysis uses rare metals like iridium. If the current rate of use continues, it is predicted that the usage will exceed twice the reserves by 2050, making it an unsustainable option.
Additionally, there are methods to produce gas, electricity, and hydrogen from biomass power generation. Biomass includes human and livestock waste, agricultural residues like straw and rice husks, food scraps, and wood. For example, in a household biogas toilet, cow dung is added. Cow dung contains methane-producing bacteria, and when human waste, food, and weeds are added, these bacteria ferment them, producing biogas. The main components of this gas are 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. Methane gas is a major cause of global warming, making its widespread use difficult globally.
Storing hydrogen involves high-pressure compression, liquid hydrogen cooled to minus 253°C, and hydrogen storage alloys, which require additional equipment for transport. In this case, the equipment becomes large-scale and complex, making it unsuitable.
Furthermore, solar panels used in solar power generation contain harmful substances and must be disposed of by burying them underground, making this an unsustainable method.
Geothermal power generation is excluded due to the long time required for exploration, drilling, and pipeline construction, as well as the limited locations where it can be used.
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