The magnesium batteries, small hydropower, tidal power, and wind power mentioned so far do not emit carbon dioxide during power generation, contributing to global warming countermeasures and becoming stable and sustainable power generation methods. Additionally, other energy sources are used simultaneously to aim for diversification of natural energy.
One such method uses vacuum tube solar water heaters to produce hot water from solar heat for baths and kitchens. This device integrates a heat collector that gathers the sun's heat and a water storage unit. In Japan, temperatures reach 60-90°C in summer and around 40°C in winter. The use of solar heat collection panels is also considered. Heated air inside the panel, around 50°C, travels through ducts to warm the entire house.
Since these devices use solar heat, the installation direction and angle of the water heater and heat collection panel are important. In Japan, true south is most effective, achieving 100% efficiency, while true east and west achieve around 80%. The ideal roof angle is 20-30 degrees. These devices can be placed on roofs or the ground. If placed on roofs, the roof shape will need to accommodate the collector surface, increasing the heat collection area. These solar water heaters and solar heat collection panels use heat directly, making their structure simple.
For lighting in areas without power lines, plant power generation or ultra-small hydropower are considered. Plant power generation uses two electrodes inserted into the ground to obtain weak power. However, this power is minimal, with around 1.5 volts per unit. An experiment successfully connected 100 units to exceed 100 volts of household power. The first choice for electrodes was magnesium and binchotan charcoal, avoiding the use of rare metals or buried resources.
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